Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome

Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS), is a medical condition caused by the prolonged use of hand-held machinery or powered tools. When a person uses such tools for extended periods, there is the risk that transmitted vibration can affect the blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and joints in the hand, wrist, and arm, leading to a range of symptoms. These symptoms typically include:

Tingling or numbness: Often felt in the fingers, hands, or arms.
Loss of sensation or dexterity: Difficulty feeling or manipulating objects with precision.
Pain or discomfort: Typically in the fingers, hands, wrists, or arms.
Reduced grip strength: Difficulty holding onto objects firmly.
White finger (Raynaud's phenomenon): The fingers may become white, numb, and painful in response to cold or stress due to restricted blood flow.

The severity of HAVS symptoms can vary depending on factors such as the duration and intensity of exposure to vibration, individual susceptibility, and the specific characteristics of the vibrating tools being used. In severe cases, HAVS can significantly impact an individual's ability to work and perform daily activities.

Preventing HAVS involves implementing measures to reduce exposure to hand-arm vibration, such as using tools with lower vibration levels, taking regular breaks, maintaining equipment in good condition, and providing training to workers on safe tool use practices. Additionally, early detection through health surveillance programs can help identify and address symptoms before they worsen.


Construction Tools Cause Exposure To Vibration.

UK Legislation

Legislation regarding HAVS primarily falls under the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005. These Regulations were implemented to protect workers from the health risks associated with exposure to hand-arm vibration. The key aspects of the Regulations include:

Employer Responsibilities: Employers are required to assess and manage the risks associated with hand-arm vibration in the workplace. This includes conducting risk assessments, implementing measures to control exposure, providing information, and training to employees, and conducting health surveillance where necessary
Action Levels and Exposure Limits: The regulations set out action levels and exposure limits for hand-arm vibration. If employees are likely to be exposed above these levels, employers are required to take action to reduce exposure and protect workers' health.
Health Surveillance: Employers are required to provide health surveillance for employees who are exposed to hand-arm vibration at or above the exposure action value. This involves monitoring the health of employees to detect and address any early signs of HAVS.
Training and Information: Employers must provide suitable training and information to employees who are at risk of exposure to hand-arm vibration. This includes guidance on the risks associated with HAVS, how to use vibrating tools safely, and the importance of reporting any symptoms or concerns.
Control Measures: Employers must implement the hierarchy of control measures to reduce exposure to hand-arm vibration. Ideally the use of the tool should be eliminate by performing the task another way. Other solutions include using alternative tools or equipment with lower vibration levels, providing rest breaks, and maintaining tools and equipment in good working order.
Monitoring and Review: Employers are required to monitor and review their control measures regularly to ensure they remain effective in reducing exposure to hand-arm vibration and protecting workers' health.

These regulations are enforced by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in the UK, and failure to comply with them can result in legal action and there have been increasingly large six figure penalties for employers. It is important for employers to be aware of their responsibilities under these regulations and take appropriate action to protect the health and safety of their workers. HSE publication L140 is a valuable source of information [1] .

US Legislation

In the USA, HAVS primarily fall under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which is the federal agency responsible for enforcing workplace safety and health regulations. While there is not a specific regulation solely dedicated to HAVS like in the UK, OSHA has several standards that address vibration exposure and ergonomics, which can indirectly affect the prevention of HAVS.

Here are some key regulations and guidelines related to vibration exposure and ergonomics in the USA:

General Duty Clause: OSHA's General Duty Clause requires employers to provide a workplace free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. This clause can be applied to address HAVS risks if they are identified in the workplace.
Hand and Power Tools Standard (29 CFR 1910.241-244): This standard covers the use of hand and power tools, including requirements for proper maintenance, guarding, and safe operation. While it does not specifically mention HAVS, it indirectly addresses risks associated with hand-arm vibration.
Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200): This standard requires employers to provide information and training to employees about hazardous chemicals they may be exposed to in the workplace. This could include information about chemicals used in lubricants, fuels, or other substances that could exacerbate the effects of vibration exposure.
Ergonomics: OSHA has guidelines and resources related to ergonomics, which address the design of work tasks, workstations, tools, and equipment to fit the capabilities of workers. Proper ergonomic design can help reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, including those related to repetitive tasks and vibration exposure.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): While not a regulatory agency, NIOSH conducts research and provides recommendations to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses. NIOSH has published guidelines and resources related to vibration exposure and ergonomics that can be useful for employers and workers.

It is important for employers in the USA to assess and control the risks associated with vibration exposure, provide training and information to employees, and implement ergonomic practices to minimize the risk of HAVS and other related health issues. Compliance with OSHA standards is crucial to maintaining a safe and healthy workplace.

In the next article we will look at assessing the risk based on measurements and the correct way to obtain them.